Mozart and Freemasonry

My article:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwDJIHI_x7ddTUxYS082dk1wdWs/view?usp=sharing

My source:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/733806?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=mozart&searchText=and&searchText=freemasonry&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Famp%3D%26amp%3D%26amp%3D%26amp%3D%26wc%3Don%26group%3Dnone%26fc%3Doff%26acc%3Doff%26Query%3Dmozart%2Band%2Bfreemasonry&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

My Mozart:

My words:

Conciliate – to make somebody think in a more positive way about you

Mozart tried to conciliate Masons composing pieces for them.

In order to become a participant of Masonic lodge, people conciliated its members.

Edict – a formal paper, consisting of rules, made by a pope or a king

According to king's edict, Masons aren’t legal anymore.

Pope's edicts sometimes change everything in life of Church.

Infiltrate – to try to gain information about every detail about sth, for instance organization, in a hidden way

Catholics tried to infiltrate Masonic structures.

Being infiltrated, Masons decided to hide their activity.

Dotted rhythm – rhythm in which longer notes precede the shorter ones

Dotted rhythm can be easily found in many Masonic songs.

Mozart used dotted rhythm significantly often.

Discords – in music: a chord which sounds inappropriately

It is thought that discords arrived in music in the 18^th century.

Surprisingly, we can find many discords in Mozart's music.

A little bit about Ciurlionis

The article:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1576157?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=ciurlionis&searchText=polyphony&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dciurlionis%2Bpolyphony%26acc%3Doff%26fc%3Doff%26amp%3D%26amp%3D%26amp%3D%26amp%3D%26wc%3Don%26group%3Dnone&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Words:

Synthesis – a combination of different thoughts, ways of doing sth, etc.

What Ciurlionis did is a synthesis of two different art.

I try to show you a synthesis of different approaches to Ciurlionis'output.

Exert – have an impact on

We need to exert ourselves to study more.

Ciurlionis exerted influence on composers of his time.

Hitherto – from the past to now

Music of Ciurlionis is hitherto unknown in Poland.

Hitherto, there are no Ciurlionis' paintings in Cracow.

Harmonization – notes added to the main melody to create a piece

Harmonization of the composers from the particular epoch is often easy to recognize.

In the 20^th century, the harmonization became very complicated.

Fugue – a style of writing musical pieces, including the main theme that is changed in variable ways

The most famous fugues are composed by J.S. Bach.

Nowadays, composers don't write fugues anymore.

 

Brahms as a Musicologist

The article:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwDJIHI_x7ddd0xPZ19vdzBJc00/view?usp=sharing


The source:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/741976?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=brahms&searchText=as&searchText=a&searchText=musicologist&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dbrahms%2Bas%2Ba%2Bmusicologist%26amp%3Bacc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Words:

Pioneer – sb who is first in doing sth new and makes effort to make it more popular;

Brahms was a pioneer in the historical edition of the Bach's music.

Brahms was also a pioneer in historical performing music of the composer's of the 17'th century.

Discerning – showing very precise analysis of a subject

Researchers are shocked how discerning was Brahms ' analysis.

Editions of the 19^th century usually weren't discerning.

Diligently – in a careful way

Brahms looked for the old manuscripts diligently.

You must work diligently if you want not to make mistakes.

Exquisite – excellent, great

Brahms is regarded as an exquisite composer.

There weren't many exquisite musicologists in the 19^th century.

Archaistic – out of use, old-faschioned

Don't use such strange words, there are archaistic.

It is nothing archaistic in Brahms' musical language.

 

Bach is always a good idea

My article:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwDJIHI_x7dda0lpRi1YekpTNWM/view?usp=sharing
My source:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jm.2005.22.4.503?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=images&searchText=of&searchText=bach&searchText=in&searchText=the&searchText=perspective&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dimages%2Bof%2Bbach%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bperspective%26amp%3Bprq%3Dimages%2Bof%2Bbach%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bperspective%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3Bacc%3Doff%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Words from the article:

Subfields – an academic discipline being a part of a bigger one.

There are many subfields of musicology.

Ethnomusicology is one of the most expansive subfields of musicology.

Cantata – a musical piece, written mostly in the 17^th and 18^th century and used in a church.

Bach's cantatas as reckoned as the best examples of a genre.

Other composers wrote cantatas as well.

Corroborate – to add new information, new proof to the research.

Wolff corroborates new finding about Bach.

Finding of Wolff corroborates his statement.

Predilection – a fact to be inclined to choose sth because one likes it so much.

It is commonly know that Bach had a predilection for polyphonic music.

Many claims that Bach had a predilection for Buxtechude's work.

Oeuvre – all the works that sb wrote.

The oeuvre of Bach is imposing, he wrote thousand pieces.

However, looking on the oeuvre of Bach, we can see how great was his compositional technique.

Enjoy! 

Instrumental Ensemble Practice in the 17th century France

Here is my article:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/842034?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
(For the first time, you can even read it for free on the website!)

And 5 interesting words from it:


Dilettante  - a person who play the musical instruments or paints as an amateur, without any theoretical preparing.
In the past there were many dilettantes who played the musical instruments for fun.
Recently, being dilettante turned out to be a dishonour.
Transverse flute - a type of wooden flute used mainly in the Baroque era.
It is not popular to play the transverse flute nowadays.
You can find transverse flutes in the museums of history of instruments.
Spinet - an instrument, used mainly in the 17th century, as a smaller version of harpsichord.
If I had been born in the 17th century, I would have probably played the spinet.
I find spinet as one of the most interesting music instruments.
Polyphonic - about a musical composition: written in a way that every voice has an independent melodic line.
Polyphonic music of the 16th century is regarded as the finest way of composing in the hisory of music.
Every singer knows how difficult the polyphonic music is to sing.
Provenance - an origin of sth, the place where sth arrived.
Very often a provenance  of the piee is not known.
Discovering a provenance of the source can be crucial in the research.